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Abstract

This study addresses the critical need for improved therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments, particularly systemic toxicity and poor bioavailability of potent agents such as camptothecin (CPT). This research was designed to fabricate and characterize a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomposite (SPION-DEX-CPT-FA) used for the selective delivery of CPT and to evaluate its effectiveness in antibacterial applications against bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae from the urinary tract. Studies involving the synthesis and evaluation of nanocomposites are being considered for the targeted delivery of a particular drug. The method used a coprecipitation amalgamation method, fully comprehensive physicochemical characterization monitored by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Biological effectiveness was evaluated through complete antibacterial activity analysis on four bacterial isolates: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, only one isolate from each species. The prepared nanocomposite showed a specific hydrodynamic diameter of 64.38 nm and zeta potential of –43 8 mV, confirming its uniform distribution and colloidal stability. The nanocomposite achieved a high CPT encapsulation efficiency of 64.38% and confirmed a pH-responsive drug release profile. Antibacterial studies showed a partial effect, with only measurable inhibition against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In conclusion, the growth of SPION-DEX-CPT-FA nanocomposite presents a promising, targeted, efficient nanocarrier for CPT delivery, showing significant potential while exhibiting limited antibacterial activity.

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